{"id":440310,"date":"2026-04-29T12:04:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T10:04:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/?p=440310"},"modified":"2026-04-29T11:23:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-29T09:23:23","slug":"female-gaze-regard-redefinit-codes-ecran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/zensky-pohled-predefinovane-kody-obrazovky-440310","title":{"rendered":"Co je to \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c, ten pohled, kter\u00fd na pl\u00e1tn\u011b nov\u011b definuje pravidla?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dlouhou dobu se nat\u00e1\u010dely \u017eeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm optikou zam\u011b\u0159enou na mu\u017eskou touhu. Objevil se \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c, aby dal tomuto pocitu hlas... a nab\u00eddl jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. Intimn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, rafinovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2> Nejprve pochopte \u201emu\u017esk\u00fd pohled\u201c<\/h2>\n<p> Abychom tento koncept pochopili, mus\u00edme se vr\u00e1tit do roku 1975. V tomto roce britsk\u00e1 teoreti\u010dka Laura Mulveyov\u00e1 publikovala z\u00e1sadn\u00ed esej, ve kter\u00e9 popsala \u201emu\u017esk\u00fd pohled\u201c: filmov\u00fd pohled, kter\u00fd div\u00e1ka \u010dasto stav\u00ed do voyeuristick\u00e9 pozice ve vztahu k \u017eensk\u00e9mu t\u011blu.<\/p>\n<p>V praxi se \u017eeny \u010dasto jev\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako objekty k zamy\u0161len\u00ed ne\u017e jako pln\u011b pro\u017eit\u00e9 postavy. Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se tento zp\u016fsob nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed natolik roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il, \u017ee se zd\u00e1l t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neviditeln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h2> Co p\u0159esn\u011b je to \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c?<\/h2>\n<p> \u201e\u017densk\u00fd pohled\u201c nen\u00ed jen o prohozen\u00ed rol\u00ed. Nejde o nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f tak, jak se n\u011bkdy nat\u00e1\u010dely \u017eeny. My\u0161lenka je jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: zaujmout \u00fahel pohledu \u017eensk\u00e9 postavy a umo\u017enit div\u00e1kovi za\u017e\u00edt jej\u00ed perspektivu. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editionspoints.com\/ouvrage\/le-regard-feminin-iris-brey\/9782757887998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kriti\u010dka Iris Brey<\/a> , kter\u00e1 tento koncept ve Francii zpopularizovala, vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee jde o <em>\u201epohled, kter\u00fd zahrnuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed sv\u011bt \u017eeny: jej\u00ed emoce, touhy, pochybnosti, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va: tato perspektiva nen\u00ed vyhrazena pouze re\u017eis\u00e9rk\u00e1m. I mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed filma\u0159i j\u00ed mohou dos\u00e1hnout, pokud re\u017eie skute\u010dn\u011b um\u00edst\u00ed div\u00e1ka do pro\u017eit\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti \u017eensk\u00e9 postavy.<\/p>\n<h2> Jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.adatechschool.fr\/female-gaze\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americk\u00fd dramatik Joey Soloway<\/a> shrnul \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c do t\u0159\u00ed dimenz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> Zaprv\u00e9, kamera emoc\u00ed, kde pocity maj\u00ed stejnou, nebo dokonce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu ne\u017e \u010dist\u00fd \u010din.<\/li>\n<li> Pak n\u00e1vrat pohledu: \u017eensk\u00e1 postava u\u017e nen\u00ed jen pozorov\u00e1na, d\u00edv\u00e1 se, vyb\u00edr\u00e1 si, reaguje, pln\u011b existuje.<\/li>\n<li> A kone\u010dn\u011b, politick\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011br, kter\u00fd zpochyb\u0148uje mocensk\u00e9 vztahy a obvykl\u00e9 reprezentace.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, u\u017e nenat\u00e1\u010d\u00edme jen t\u011blo: nat\u00e1\u010d\u00edme \u010dlov\u011bka v cel\u00e9 jeho komplexnosti.<\/p>\n<h2> Jak to rozpoznat?<\/h2>\n<p> N\u011bkolik indici\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pomoci identifikovat \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c na obrazovce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je vypr\u00e1v\u011bn z pohledu \u017eensk\u00e9 postavy;<\/li>\n<li> Jej\u00ed emoce a vnit\u0159n\u00ed cesta zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edsto;<\/li>\n<li> jej\u00ed t\u011blo nen\u00ed redukov\u00e1no na vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed dekoraci;<\/li>\n<li> \u017densk\u00e1 touha existuje a na n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed;<\/li>\n<li> tradi\u010dn\u00ed mocensk\u00e9 struktury jsou zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1ny;<\/li>\n<li> Div\u00e1k je vyzv\u00e1n, aby obraz sp\u00ed\u0161e pro\u017e\u00edval, ne\u017e konzumoval.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Nejedn\u00e1 se tedy o pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd vzorec, ale o r\u00e1mec pro interpretaci.<\/p>\n<h2> Filmy a seri\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 zanechaly svou stopu<\/h2>\n<p> Mezi \u010dasto citovan\u00fdmi d\u00edly se jako reference pravideln\u011b objevuje \u201ePortr\u00e9t d\u00e1my v plamenech\u201c od C\u00e9line Sciammy. Film s velkou jemnost\u00ed zobrazuje touhu, vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd pohled a intimitu. Dal\u0161\u00edm pozoruhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je \u201ePiano\u201c od Jane Campionov\u00e9, \u010dasto chv\u00e1len\u00e9 pro zobrazen\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 touhy a vnit\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edly sv\u00e9 hrdinky.<\/p>\n<p>V televizi podn\u00edtil diskuse tak\u00e9 \u201eP\u0159\u00edb\u011bh slu\u017eebnice\u201c, stejn\u011b jako n\u011bkter\u00e9 modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed produkce, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edce prostoru \u017eensk\u00fdm perspektiv\u00e1m. I mezi trh\u00e1ky jsou filmy jako \u201eWonder Woman\u201c zn\u00e1m\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed silnou hrdinku, ani\u017e by jej\u00ed t\u011blo redukovaly na pouh\u00fd vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed objekt.<\/p>\n<h2> Pro\u010d je t\u00e9ma st\u00e1le relevantn\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p> A\u010dkoli se koncept rozv\u00edj\u00ed, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/en-bref\/301197-films-moins-de-femmes-realisatrices-en-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">odv\u011btv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9<\/a> . \u017deny jsou v re\u017eii st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b zastoupeny a \u010dasto maj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed rozpo\u010dty ne\u017e jejich mu\u017esk\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky. Jin\u00fdmi slovy: perspektivy se na pl\u00e1tn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed, ale pokrok v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed je je\u0161t\u011b pomalej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Debatu vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 i \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9 poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee hovo\u0159en\u00ed o jedin\u00e9m \u201e\u017eensk\u00e9m pohledu\u201c m\u016f\u017ee vymazat rozmanitost pro\u017eit\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed: soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fvod, kultury, sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed orientace a rozmanit\u00e9 identity. Proto n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nyn\u00ed rad\u011bji hovo\u0159\u00ed o feministick\u00fdch pohlez\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a inkluzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c nen\u00ed ani pom\u00edjiv\u00fdm m\u00f3dn\u00edm v\u00fdst\u0159elkem, ani pouh\u00fdm kontrapunktem. Je to zp\u016fsob, jak \u017een\u00e1m vr\u00e1tit jejich hloubku, jejich touhy, jejich emo\u010dn\u00ed inteligenci a jejich m\u00edsto jako subjekt\u016f. A s ka\u017ed\u00fdm filmem, kter\u00fd se touto cestou vyd\u00e1, se n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na sv\u011bt o n\u011bco roz\u0161i\u0159uje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Po dlouhou dobu se nat\u00e1\u010dely \u017eeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm optikou zam\u011b\u0159enou na mu\u017eskou touhu. Objevil se \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c, aby dal...","protected":false},"author":8395,"featured_media":440311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_msn":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1062],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-440310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-culture"],"image":{"medium":["https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/portrait-de-la-jeune-fille-en-feu-screen-film-200x113.jpg",200,113,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/portrait-de-la-jeune-fille-en-feu-screen-film-500x281.jpg",500,281,true]},"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/portrait-de-la-jeune-fille-en-feu-screen-film.jpg","author":{"name":"Clelia Campardon","avatar":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/clelia-96x96.jpg"},"categories":[{"term_id":1062,"name":"Kultura","slug":"culture","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1156,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<p>Rubrika Kultura v magaz\u00ednu The Body Optimist vyb\u00edr\u00e1 a rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 filmy, seri\u00e1ly, knihy, hudbu a v\u00fdstavy z pohledu reprezentace: jak\u00e1 t\u011bla, jak\u00e9 \u017eeny a jak\u00e9 identity vid\u00edme na pl\u00e1tn\u011b, v knihkupectv\u00ed nebo na p\u00f3diu? Doporu\u010den\u00ed, anal\u00fdzy a z\u00e1kulis\u00ed jsou ur\u010den\u00e9 v\u0161em, kdo se r\u00e1di bav\u00ed, ale kritick\u00fd pohled si nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed zapnut\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h2>Co najde\u0161 v rubrice Kultura<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Filmy a seri\u00e1ly<\/strong>: novinky, klasiky, ke kter\u00fdm se vyplat\u00ed vr\u00e1tit, a tematick\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011bry, od <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/nejlepsi-filmy-k-navozeni-podzimni-nalady-447190\">film\u016f pro podzimn\u00ed n\u00e1ladu<\/a> po romantick\u00e9 komedie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Knihy<\/strong>: rom\u00e1ny, eseje a d\u011btsk\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eky, kter\u00e9 otev\u00edraj\u00ed t\u00e9mata rovnosti, odli\u0161nosti a identity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hudba a p\u00f3dium<\/strong>: zp\u011bva\u010dky, kapely, vystoupen\u00ed a sexistick\u00e1 kritika, kter\u00e9 um\u011blkyn\u011b st\u00e1le \u010del\u00ed, jak ukazuje p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/ciste-zenska-hudebni-skupina-katseye-se-po-svem-vystoupeni-stala-tercem-sexisticke-kritiky-433964\">d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed skupiny kritizovan\u00e9 po sv\u00e9m vystoupen\u00ed<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Um\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdstavy<\/strong>: fotografie, malba, kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/dlouho-pripisovano-muzum-dila-ve-skutecnosti-podepisovana-zenami-443815\">d\u00edla dlouho p\u0159ipisovan\u00e1 mu\u017e\u016fm, kter\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti vytvo\u0159ily \u017eeny<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kultura pro d\u011bti<\/strong>: filmy a knihy, se kter\u00fdmi se d\u00e1 u\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku mluvit o odli\u0161nosti, posti\u017een\u00ed nebo souhlasu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kulturn\u00ed fenom\u00e9ny<\/strong>: tvorba v dob\u011b um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/speedwatching-je-trend-ktery-nas-nuti-konzumovat-zrychlena-videa-429319\">sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vide\u00ed ve zrychlen\u00e9m re\u017eimu<\/a> nebo radost z opakovan\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch seri\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Jak poznat opravdu inkluzivn\u00ed d\u00edlo?<\/h2>\n<p>Inkluzivn\u00ed d\u00edlo nep\u0159id\u00e1 jen jednu \u201ejinou\u201c postavu: d\u00e1 j\u00ed vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, touhy a \u00fahel pohledu. P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed filmu, seri\u00e1lu nebo rom\u00e1nu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u00e1r ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>projde Bechdelov\u00e9 testem, tedy mluv\u00ed v n\u011bm spolu aspo\u0148 dv\u011b \u017eeny o n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m ne\u017e o mu\u017ei?<\/li>\n<li>existuj\u00ed tlust\u00e9 postavy, postavy jin\u00e9 barvy pleti, LGBTQIA+ nebo s posti\u017een\u00edm i mimo tuto jedinou charakteristiku?<\/li>\n<li>slou\u017e\u00ed jejich t\u011blo jako zdroj vtipu, nebo je kamera sn\u00edm\u00e1 se stejnou pozornost\u00ed jako ostatn\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>kdo d\u00edlo napsal, re\u017e\u00edroval nebo ilustroval?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm vod\u00edtkem pro rozbor toho, jak se kamera d\u00edv\u00e1 na \u017eeny, je i pojem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/zensky-pohled-predefinovane-kody-obrazovky-440310\">\u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c (female gaze)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edstup: bavit se s otev\u0159en\u00fdma o\u010dima<\/h2>\n<p>Popkulturu m\u00e1me r\u00e1di, ale nep\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme jej\u00ed slep\u00e1 m\u00edsta. V na\u0161ich v\u00fdb\u011brech dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed prostor autorky, re\u017eis\u00e9rky a um\u011blkyn\u011b, jejich\u017e t\u011bla nebo \u017eivotn\u00ed cesty jsou m\u00e1lo vid\u011bt, a na\u0161e rozbory zkoumaj\u00ed, jak d\u00edla zobrazuj\u00ed \u017eeny, tlust\u00e9 lidi nebo LGBTQIA+ osoby. Seri\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010dir\u00e1 radost a p\u0159esto si zaslou\u017eit kritick\u00fd pohled: jedno nevylu\u010duje druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cl\u00e1nky pro za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/jak-umelkyne-sophia-langova-dela-z-tela-hlavni-ustredni-tema-umeni-435706\">Tlust\u00e1 t\u011bla jako hlavn\u00ed t\u00e9ma um\u011bn\u00ed<\/a>: jak s nimi pracuje jedna sou\u010dasn\u00e1 um\u011blkyn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/zeny-nad-60-let-jsou-v-kine-mene-zastoupeny-nez-zvirata-443362\">\u017deny po \u0161edes\u00e1tce ve filmu<\/a>: studie, podle kter\u00e9 jsou na pl\u00e1tn\u011b vid\u011bt m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/koncept-burzoazniho-pohledu-zpochybnuje-jak-jsou-zastoupeny-pracujici-tridy-437880\">\u201eBur\u017eoazn\u00ed pohled\u201c<\/a>: koncept, kter\u00fd zpochyb\u0148uje, jak filmy a seri\u00e1ly zobrazuj\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/uspech-hororovych-filmu-mezi-zenami-je-fascinujici-skryty-fenomen-447101\">Pro\u010d \u017eeny tak bav\u00ed horory<\/a>: co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za \u00fasp\u011bchem \u017e\u00e1nru u \u017eensk\u00e9ho publika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<h3>Co je \u201efemale gaze\u201c?<\/h3>\n<p>\u201eFemale gaze\u201c, \u010desky \u017eensk\u00fd pohled, ozna\u010duje zp\u016fsob nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd div\u00e1k\u016fm zprost\u0159edkuje pro\u017eitek \u017eensk\u00fdch postav, m\u00edsto aby je ukazoval jako objekty touhy. Pojem vznikl jako odpov\u011b\u010f na \u201emale gaze\u201c, mu\u017esk\u00fd pohled, kter\u00fd popsala britsk\u00e1 filmov\u00e1 teoreti\u010dka Laura Mulvey, aby charakterizovala kinematografii postavenou kolem mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohledu.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak d\u00edla zobrazuj\u00ed t\u011bla?<\/h3>\n<p>Filmy, seri\u00e1ly a knihy spoluur\u010duj\u00ed, co pova\u017eujeme za kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Vid\u011bt tlust\u00e9, star\u0161\u00ed, LGBTQIA+ lidi nebo lidi s posti\u017een\u00edm v plnohodnotn\u00fdch rol\u00edch, a ne jen jako dopln\u011bk hlavn\u00ed postavy, tyto p\u0159edstavy roz\u0161i\u0159uje. Poznat se v hrdince pom\u00e1h\u00e1 c\u00edtit se opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b a rozmanitost na obrazovce p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k \u00fastupu stereotyp\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak vyb\u00edrat inkluzivn\u00ed filmy a knihy pro d\u011bti?<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e1vej p\u0159ednost p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm, ve kter\u00fdch jednaj\u00ed a rozhoduj\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00e9 hrdinky a hrdinov\u00e9, bez rol\u00ed vyhrazen\u00fdch jen jednomu pohlav\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br usnadn\u00ed tematick\u00e9 seznamy o souhlasu, odli\u0161nosti nebo posti\u017een\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u010dten\u00ed pak otev\u00edr\u00e1 rozhovor: co d\u00edt\u011b pochopilo, co ho p\u0159ekvapilo, co by ud\u011blalo na m\u00edst\u011b postavy.<\/p>\n<p>Chce\u0161 j\u00edt d\u00e1l? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/societe\">Rubrika Spole\u010dnost<\/a> rozv\u00edj\u00ed \u00favahy o norm\u00e1ch a diskriminaci a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/people\">rubrika Celebrity<\/a> sleduje um\u011blce a um\u011blkyn\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b mluv\u00ed o sv\u00e9m t\u011ble a du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":716,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1062,"category_count":716,"category_description":"<p>Rubrika Kultura v magaz\u00ednu The Body Optimist vyb\u00edr\u00e1 a rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 filmy, seri\u00e1ly, knihy, hudbu a v\u00fdstavy z pohledu reprezentace: jak\u00e1 t\u011bla, jak\u00e9 \u017eeny a jak\u00e9 identity vid\u00edme na pl\u00e1tn\u011b, v knihkupectv\u00ed nebo na p\u00f3diu? Doporu\u010den\u00ed, anal\u00fdzy a z\u00e1kulis\u00ed jsou ur\u010den\u00e9 v\u0161em, kdo se r\u00e1di bav\u00ed, ale kritick\u00fd pohled si nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed zapnut\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h2>Co najde\u0161 v rubrice Kultura<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Filmy a seri\u00e1ly<\/strong>: novinky, klasiky, ke kter\u00fdm se vyplat\u00ed vr\u00e1tit, a tematick\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011bry, od <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/nejlepsi-filmy-k-navozeni-podzimni-nalady-447190\">film\u016f pro podzimn\u00ed n\u00e1ladu<\/a> po romantick\u00e9 komedie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Knihy<\/strong>: rom\u00e1ny, eseje a d\u011btsk\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eky, kter\u00e9 otev\u00edraj\u00ed t\u00e9mata rovnosti, odli\u0161nosti a identity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hudba a p\u00f3dium<\/strong>: zp\u011bva\u010dky, kapely, vystoupen\u00ed a sexistick\u00e1 kritika, kter\u00e9 um\u011blkyn\u011b st\u00e1le \u010del\u00ed, jak ukazuje p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/ciste-zenska-hudebni-skupina-katseye-se-po-svem-vystoupeni-stala-tercem-sexisticke-kritiky-433964\">d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed skupiny kritizovan\u00e9 po sv\u00e9m vystoupen\u00ed<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Um\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdstavy<\/strong>: fotografie, malba, kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/dlouho-pripisovano-muzum-dila-ve-skutecnosti-podepisovana-zenami-443815\">d\u00edla dlouho p\u0159ipisovan\u00e1 mu\u017e\u016fm, kter\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti vytvo\u0159ily \u017eeny<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kultura pro d\u011bti<\/strong>: filmy a knihy, se kter\u00fdmi se d\u00e1 u\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku mluvit o odli\u0161nosti, posti\u017een\u00ed nebo souhlasu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kulturn\u00ed fenom\u00e9ny<\/strong>: tvorba v dob\u011b um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/speedwatching-je-trend-ktery-nas-nuti-konzumovat-zrychlena-videa-429319\">sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vide\u00ed ve zrychlen\u00e9m re\u017eimu<\/a> nebo radost z opakovan\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch seri\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Jak poznat opravdu inkluzivn\u00ed d\u00edlo?<\/h2>\n<p>Inkluzivn\u00ed d\u00edlo nep\u0159id\u00e1 jen jednu \u201ejinou\u201c postavu: d\u00e1 j\u00ed vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, touhy a \u00fahel pohledu. P\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed filmu, seri\u00e1lu nebo rom\u00e1nu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u00e1r ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>projde Bechdelov\u00e9 testem, tedy mluv\u00ed v n\u011bm spolu aspo\u0148 dv\u011b \u017eeny o n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m ne\u017e o mu\u017ei?<\/li>\n<li>existuj\u00ed tlust\u00e9 postavy, postavy jin\u00e9 barvy pleti, LGBTQIA+ nebo s posti\u017een\u00edm i mimo tuto jedinou charakteristiku?<\/li>\n<li>slou\u017e\u00ed jejich t\u011blo jako zdroj vtipu, nebo je kamera sn\u00edm\u00e1 se stejnou pozornost\u00ed jako ostatn\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>kdo d\u00edlo napsal, re\u017e\u00edroval nebo ilustroval?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm vod\u00edtkem pro rozbor toho, jak se kamera d\u00edv\u00e1 na \u017eeny, je i pojem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/zensky-pohled-predefinovane-kody-obrazovky-440310\">\u201e\u017eensk\u00fd pohled\u201c (female gaze)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edstup: bavit se s otev\u0159en\u00fdma o\u010dima<\/h2>\n<p>Popkulturu m\u00e1me r\u00e1di, ale nep\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme jej\u00ed slep\u00e1 m\u00edsta. V na\u0161ich v\u00fdb\u011brech dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed prostor autorky, re\u017eis\u00e9rky a um\u011blkyn\u011b, jejich\u017e t\u011bla nebo \u017eivotn\u00ed cesty jsou m\u00e1lo vid\u011bt, a na\u0161e rozbory zkoumaj\u00ed, jak d\u00edla zobrazuj\u00ed \u017eeny, tlust\u00e9 lidi nebo LGBTQIA+ osoby. Seri\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010dir\u00e1 radost a p\u0159esto si zaslou\u017eit kritick\u00fd pohled: jedno nevylu\u010duje druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cl\u00e1nky pro za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/jak-umelkyne-sophia-langova-dela-z-tela-hlavni-ustredni-tema-umeni-435706\">Tlust\u00e1 t\u011bla jako hlavn\u00ed t\u00e9ma um\u011bn\u00ed<\/a>: jak s nimi pracuje jedna sou\u010dasn\u00e1 um\u011blkyn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/zeny-nad-60-let-jsou-v-kine-mene-zastoupeny-nez-zvirata-443362\">\u017deny po \u0161edes\u00e1tce ve filmu<\/a>: studie, podle kter\u00e9 jsou na pl\u00e1tn\u011b vid\u011bt m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/koncept-burzoazniho-pohledu-zpochybnuje-jak-jsou-zastoupeny-pracujici-tridy-437880\">\u201eBur\u017eoazn\u00ed pohled\u201c<\/a>: koncept, kter\u00fd zpochyb\u0148uje, jak filmy a seri\u00e1ly zobrazuj\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/culture\/uspech-hororovych-filmu-mezi-zenami-je-fascinujici-skryty-fenomen-447101\">Pro\u010d \u017eeny tak bav\u00ed horory<\/a>: co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za \u00fasp\u011bchem \u017e\u00e1nru u \u017eensk\u00e9ho publika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<h3>Co je \u201efemale gaze\u201c?<\/h3>\n<p>\u201eFemale gaze\u201c, \u010desky \u017eensk\u00fd pohled, ozna\u010duje zp\u016fsob nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd div\u00e1k\u016fm zprost\u0159edkuje pro\u017eitek \u017eensk\u00fdch postav, m\u00edsto aby je ukazoval jako objekty touhy. Pojem vznikl jako odpov\u011b\u010f na \u201emale gaze\u201c, mu\u017esk\u00fd pohled, kter\u00fd popsala britsk\u00e1 filmov\u00e1 teoreti\u010dka Laura Mulvey, aby charakterizovala kinematografii postavenou kolem mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohledu.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak d\u00edla zobrazuj\u00ed t\u011bla?<\/h3>\n<p>Filmy, seri\u00e1ly a knihy spoluur\u010duj\u00ed, co pova\u017eujeme za kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Vid\u011bt tlust\u00e9, star\u0161\u00ed, LGBTQIA+ lidi nebo lidi s posti\u017een\u00edm v plnohodnotn\u00fdch rol\u00edch, a ne jen jako dopln\u011bk hlavn\u00ed postavy, tyto p\u0159edstavy roz\u0161i\u0159uje. Poznat se v hrdince pom\u00e1h\u00e1 c\u00edtit se opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b a rozmanitost na obrazovce p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k \u00fastupu stereotyp\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak vyb\u00edrat inkluzivn\u00ed filmy a knihy pro d\u011bti?<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e1vej p\u0159ednost p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016fm, ve kter\u00fdch jednaj\u00ed a rozhoduj\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00e9 hrdinky a hrdinov\u00e9, bez rol\u00ed vyhrazen\u00fdch jen jednomu pohlav\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br usnadn\u00ed tematick\u00e9 seznamy o souhlasu, odli\u0161nosti nebo posti\u017een\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u010dten\u00ed pak otev\u00edr\u00e1 rozhovor: co d\u00edt\u011b pochopilo, co ho p\u0159ekvapilo, co by ud\u011blalo na m\u00edst\u011b postavy.<\/p>\n<p>Chce\u0161 j\u00edt d\u00e1l? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/societe\">Rubrika Spole\u010dnost<\/a> rozv\u00edj\u00ed \u00favahy o norm\u00e1ch a diskriminaci a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/people\">rubrika Celebrity<\/a> sleduje um\u011blce a um\u011blkyn\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed otev\u0159en\u011b mluv\u00ed o sv\u00e9m t\u011ble a du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>","cat_name":"Kultura","category_nicename":"culture","category_parent":0}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/440310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8395"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=440310"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/440310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":440501,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/440310\/revisions\/440501"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/440311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=440310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=440310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=440310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}