Co kdyby n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eeny dok\u00e1zaly vn\u00edmat barvy, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s nikdy nevid\u00ed? Tetrachromacie je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnost, kter\u00e1 otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e do vesm\u00edru netu\u0161en\u00fdch odst\u00edn\u016f. Skute\u010dn\u00fd smyslov\u00fd poklad, pro v\u011bdce st\u00e1le do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1hadn\u00fd.<\/p>\n
V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed jsou \u201etrichromati\u201c: jejich s\u00edtnice maj\u00ed t\u0159i typy \u010d\u00edpk\u016f, ony vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 senzory, kter\u00e9 analyzuj\u00ed sv\u011btlo a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1m rozli\u0161it asi milion barev. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u017een doch\u00e1z\u00ed k ohromuj\u00edc\u00edmu jevu: \u010dtvrt\u00fd typ \u010d\u00edpku obohacuje tuto vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed paletu.<\/p>\n
Tito jedinci, zn\u00e1m\u00ed jako tetrachromati, teoreticky dok\u00e1zali vn\u00edmat a\u017e 100 milion\u016f odst\u00edn\u016f. Skute\u010dn\u00e1 exploze barev, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako by se ka\u017edodenn\u00ed sv\u011bt prom\u011bnil v trval\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Tam, kde jeden \u010dlov\u011bk vid\u00ed jednoduchou zelenou, tetrachromat si dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u0161imnout jemn\u00fdch variac\u00ed tyrkysov\u00e9, fialov\u00e9 nebo dokonce n\u00e1dech\u016f oran\u017eov\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Tato mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 schopnost m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v genetice. Geny zapojen\u00e9 do vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed barev se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na chromozomu X. \u017deny maj\u00ed dva chromozomy X, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jejich \u0161anci zd\u011bdit variaci, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edpku. Naopak mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed pouze jeden chromozom X, jsou v\u00edce posti\u017eeni poruchami barevn\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed, jako je barvoslepost.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdzkum odhaduje<\/a> , \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 % \u017een m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tento konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l. M\u00edt tento \u010dtvrt\u00fd \u010d\u00edpek v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat, \u017ee se jim denn\u011b bude l\u00e9pe zobrazovat. Skute\u010dn\u011b \u201efunk\u010dn\u00ed\u201c tetrachromati, schopn\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat v testech v\u00edce barev, ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1 % populace. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edky tak\u00e9 fascinuje p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd detail: tato schopnost se n\u011bkdy zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt spojena s barvoslepost\u00ed u otce nebo syna.<\/p>\n Mezi vz\u00e1cn\u00fdmi jedinci identifikovan\u00fdmi jako funk\u010dn\u00ed tetrachromati je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad mal\u00ed\u0159ky Concetty Antico. V roce 2012 ji studovali ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci<\/a> , kte\u0159\u00ed potvrdili jej\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnosti.<\/p>\n Jej\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pln\u00fd barevn\u00fdch detail\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou pro mnoho ostatn\u00edch neviditeln\u00e9. Ve sv\u00fdch obrazech zobrazuje odrazy, st\u00edny a nuance, kter\u00fdch si v\u011bt\u0161ina pozorovatel\u016f nev\u0161imne. Podle n\u00ed je p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, kolik dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b barev ne\u017e ona.<\/p>\n P\u0159ed n\u00ed britsk\u00e1 neurov\u011bdkyn\u011b Gabriele Jordanov\u00e1 v roce 2010 identifikovala prvn\u00edho skute\u010dn\u00e9ho tetrachromata pomoc\u00ed laboratorn\u00edch experiment\u016f. Testy prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u017eena dok\u00e1\u017ee rozli\u0161it odst\u00edny, kter\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci rozli\u0161it nedok\u00e1zali.<\/p>\n Pro\u010d je tedy tato v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 schopnost tak vz\u00e1cn\u00e1? V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nab\u00edzej\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed: na\u0161e prost\u0159ed\u00ed je prim\u00e1rn\u011b navr\u017eeno pro lidi se t\u0159emi typy \u010d\u00edpk\u016f. Obrazovky, oble\u010den\u00ed, barvy a p\u0159edm\u011bty denn\u00ed pot\u0159eby pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed barevn\u00e9 palety ur\u010den\u00e9 pro konven\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed. \u010ctvrt\u00fd \u010d\u00edpek proto nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nikdy dostate\u010dn\u011b stimulov\u00e1n k tomu, aby rozvinul sv\u016fj pln\u00fd potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee specifick\u00fd tr\u00e9nink nebo vystaven\u00ed se ur\u010dit\u00fdm barevn\u00fdm rozsah\u016fm by mohlo toto vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1le aktivovat. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eeny mohou m\u00edt mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnosti, ani\u017e by si toho byly v\u011bdomy.<\/p>\n Tetrachromacie n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u011bc: na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed reality nen\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho stejn\u00e9. To, co pova\u017eujeme za \u201ev\u0161echny barvy\u201c, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 o\u010di viditeln\u00e1 jen mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st spektra.<\/p>\n Tato schopnost, st\u00e1le zahalen\u00e1 rou\u0161kou tajemstv\u00ed, nep\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 fascinovat badatele. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1s vyb\u00edz\u00ed k jin\u00e9mu pohledu na lidskou rozmanitost: za ka\u017ed\u00fdm p\u00e1rem o\u010d\u00ed se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob objevov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta. Mo\u017en\u00e1 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m okam\u017eiku n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eeny obdivuj\u00ed duhu nuanc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pro n\u00e1s z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed neviditeln\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Co kdyby n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eeny dok\u00e1zaly vn\u00edmat barvy, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s nikdy nevid\u00ed? Tetrachromacie je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnost,...","protected":false},"author":8264,"featured_media":443251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_msn":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5639],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-443250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-bien-etre"],"image":{"medium":["https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Moins-de-1-des-femmes-possedent-une-capacite-visuelle-particuliere-200x113.jpg",200,113,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Moins-de-1-des-femmes-possedent-une-capacite-visuelle-particuliere-500x281.jpg",500,281,true]},"custom":{"td_video":"","featured_image":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Moins-de-1-des-femmes-possedent-une-capacite-visuelle-particuliere.jpg","author":{"name":"Ana\u00eblle Gayon","avatar":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Agayon-96x96.jpg"},"categories":[{"term_id":5639,"name":"Pohoda","slug":"bien-etre","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5804,"taxonomy":"category","description":" Rubrika Pohoda v magaz\u00ednu The Body Optimist p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed praktick\u00e9 rady, jak se h\u00fdbat, l\u00e9pe sp\u00e1t, zvl\u00e1dat stres a rozum\u011bt drobn\u00fdm ka\u017edodenn\u00edm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm. Je ur\u010den\u00e1 v\u0161em \u017een\u00e1m a v\u0161em postav\u00e1m a vych\u00e1z\u00ed z jednoduch\u00e9 my\u0161lenky: p\u00e9\u010de o t\u011blo stoj\u00ed na radosti a pravidelnosti, ne na tlaku a v\u00fd\u010ditk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n P\u0159i n\u00e1vratu k pohybu se vyplat\u00ed s\u00e1zet na pravidelnost, ne na intenzitu. P\u00e1r vod\u00edtek pro pozvoln\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek:<\/p>\n Za pohyb se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad ch\u016fze nebo j\u00edzda na kole do pr\u00e1ce \u010di na n\u00e1kup.<\/p>\n T\u011blo tu nen\u00ed projekt k oprav\u011b. O sportu mluv\u00edme kv\u016fli radosti, n\u00e1lad\u011b a zdrav\u00ed, nikdy jako o zp\u016fsobu, jak \u201evykompenzovat\u201c j\u00eddlo nebo zhubnout, a ka\u017ed\u00e1 rada mus\u00ed fungovat bez ohledu na tvou postavu. \u010cl\u00e1nky v t\u00e9to rubrice maj\u00ed obecn\u011b informa\u010dn\u00ed charakter a nenahrazuj\u00ed radu zdravotn\u00edka.<\/p>\n Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace doporu\u010duje dosp\u011bl\u00fdm alespo\u0148 150 minut st\u0159edn\u011b intenzivn\u00ed vytrvalostn\u00ed aktivity t\u00fddn\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad rychl\u00e9 ch\u016fze. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee trocha pohybu je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd: po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se ka\u017ed\u00e1 aktivita, i kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je naj\u00edt tempo, kter\u00e9 dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017e\u00ed\u0161.<\/p>\n Prvn\u00edm krokem je pravidelnost: chodit sp\u00e1t a vst\u00e1vat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejnou dobu, i o v\u00edkendu. Us\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed usnadn\u00ed tich\u00e1, tmav\u00e1 a chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lo\u017enice, m\u00e9n\u011b obrazovek ve\u010der a ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozdn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e. Hlasit\u00e9 chr\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed nebo probouzen\u00ed s pocitem du\u0161en\u00ed je d\u016fvod probrat to s l\u00e9ka\u0159em.<\/p>\n Dlouhodob\u00e1 \u00fanava m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt mnoho p\u0159\u00ed\u010din: nedostatek sp\u00e1nku, stres, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 nedostatek \u017eeleza, poruchu \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy nebo depresi. Pokud trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f navzdory odpo\u010dinku nebo ji doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, zajdi k l\u00e9ka\u0159i a hledejte jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n Chce\u0161 j\u00edt d\u00e1l? V\u0161echna t\u00e9mata najde\u0161 v rubrice Zdrav\u00ed<\/a>, nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed maminky prov\u00e1z\u00ed rubrika T\u011bhotenstv\u00ed<\/a> a pestr\u00e9 j\u00eddlo bez restrikc\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed rubrika V\u00fd\u017eiva<\/a>.<\/p>","parent":360,"count":1718,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":5639,"category_count":1718,"category_description":" Rubrika Pohoda v magaz\u00ednu The Body Optimist p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed praktick\u00e9 rady, jak se h\u00fdbat, l\u00e9pe sp\u00e1t, zvl\u00e1dat stres a rozum\u011bt drobn\u00fdm ka\u017edodenn\u00edm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm. Je ur\u010den\u00e1 v\u0161em \u017een\u00e1m a v\u0161em postav\u00e1m a vych\u00e1z\u00ed z jednoduch\u00e9 my\u0161lenky: p\u00e9\u010de o t\u011blo stoj\u00ed na radosti a pravidelnosti, ne na tlaku a v\u00fd\u010ditk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n P\u0159i n\u00e1vratu k pohybu se vyplat\u00ed s\u00e1zet na pravidelnost, ne na intenzitu. P\u00e1r vod\u00edtek pro pozvoln\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek:<\/p>\n Za pohyb se po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad ch\u016fze nebo j\u00edzda na kole do pr\u00e1ce \u010di na n\u00e1kup.<\/p>\n T\u011blo tu nen\u00ed projekt k oprav\u011b. O sportu mluv\u00edme kv\u016fli radosti, n\u00e1lad\u011b a zdrav\u00ed, nikdy jako o zp\u016fsobu, jak \u201evykompenzovat\u201c j\u00eddlo nebo zhubnout, a ka\u017ed\u00e1 rada mus\u00ed fungovat bez ohledu na tvou postavu. \u010cl\u00e1nky v t\u00e9to rubrice maj\u00ed obecn\u011b informa\u010dn\u00ed charakter a nenahrazuj\u00ed radu zdravotn\u00edka.<\/p>\n Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace doporu\u010duje dosp\u011bl\u00fdm alespo\u0148 150 minut st\u0159edn\u011b intenzivn\u00ed vytrvalostn\u00ed aktivity t\u00fddn\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad rychl\u00e9 ch\u016fze. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee trocha pohybu je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd: po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se ka\u017ed\u00e1 aktivita, i kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je naj\u00edt tempo, kter\u00e9 dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017e\u00ed\u0161.<\/p>\n Prvn\u00edm krokem je pravidelnost: chodit sp\u00e1t a vst\u00e1vat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejnou dobu, i o v\u00edkendu. Us\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed usnadn\u00ed tich\u00e1, tmav\u00e1 a chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lo\u017enice, m\u00e9n\u011b obrazovek ve\u010der a ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozdn\u00ed ve\u010de\u0159e. Hlasit\u00e9 chr\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed nebo probouzen\u00ed s pocitem du\u0161en\u00ed je d\u016fvod probrat to s l\u00e9ka\u0159em.<\/p>\n Dlouhodob\u00e1 \u00fanava m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt mnoho p\u0159\u00ed\u010din: nedostatek sp\u00e1nku, stres, ment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 nedostatek \u017eeleza, poruchu \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy nebo depresi. Pokud trv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f navzdory odpo\u010dinku nebo ji doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, zajdi k l\u00e9ka\u0159i a hledejte jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n Chce\u0161 j\u00edt d\u00e1l? V\u0161echna t\u00e9mata najde\u0161 v rubrice Zdrav\u00ed<\/a>, nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed maminky prov\u00e1z\u00ed rubrika T\u011bhotenstv\u00ed<\/a> a pestr\u00e9 j\u00eddlo bez restrikc\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed rubrika V\u00fd\u017eiva<\/a>.<\/p>","cat_name":"Pohoda","category_nicename":"bien-etre","category_parent":360}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8264"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=443250"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":446381,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/443250\/revisions\/446381"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/443251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=443250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=443250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ma-grande-taille.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=443250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} Concetta Antico, um\u011blkyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 vid\u00ed za hranice obvykl\u00fdch barev<\/h2>\n
Dohled, kter\u00fd n\u011bkdy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ne\u010dinn\u00fd<\/h2>\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed pohled na bohatstv\u00ed sv\u011bta<\/h2>\n
Co najde\u0161 v rubrice Pohoda<\/h2>\n
\n
Jak se vr\u00e1tit ke sportu po dlouh\u00e9 pauze?<\/h2>\n
\n
N\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edstup<\/h2>\n
\u010cl\u00e1nky pro za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/h2>\n
\n
\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
Kolik pohybu t\u00fddn\u011b pot\u0159ebuju?<\/h3>\n
Jak se l\u00e9pe vyspat?<\/h3>\n
Pro\u010d jsem po\u0159\u00e1d unaven\u00e1?<\/h3>\n
Co najde\u0161 v rubrice Pohoda<\/h2>\n
\n
Jak se vr\u00e1tit ke sportu po dlouh\u00e9 pauze?<\/h2>\n
\n
N\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159\u00edstup<\/h2>\n
\u010cl\u00e1nky pro za\u010d\u00e1tek<\/h2>\n
\n
\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
Kolik pohybu t\u00fddn\u011b pot\u0159ebuju?<\/h3>\n
Jak se l\u00e9pe vyspat?<\/h3>\n
Pro\u010d jsem po\u0159\u00e1d unaven\u00e1?<\/h3>\n